Obesity Rates Among The United States - 1182 Words

The obesity rate in America has become a major national health issue over the last several decades. Increasingly alarming statistics have garnered national headlines. Current statistics place 68.5% of the U.S. population in classifications ranging from overweight to super obese. Approximately 35% of all U.S. adults currently fall under the label of obese.(Ogden, et al., 2014) Potentially more alarming is the prevalence of obesity in adolescents. U.S. youth are becoming obese at earlier and earlier ages. One out of six children ages 2-19 are now obese and fully one-third of adolescents are overweight or obese. (Ogden, Carroll, Curtin, Lamb, Flegal, 2010) Between 1980 and 2000, obesity rates among adults doubled and tripled among adolescents. (CDC.gov) Increasingly high obesity rates among the U.S. population have both personal and societal ramifications. For the individual, increased body mass has been linked to a myriad of health issues including heart disease, Type II diabetes, high cholesterol, cancer, strokes, kidney liver disease, and hypertension. (Wilmore, et al., 2008) On a societal level, the Center for Disease Control estimates that obesity related medical care costs reached a staggering $147 billion in 2008 with obese patients costing $1,400 more per patient than those that fell into a normal weight rage (CDC). Obesity-related diseases may also contribute to millions of lost workdays and higher insurance premiums (CNBC). Most medical professionalsShow MoreRelatedObesity Is A Common Lifestyle852 Words   |  4 PagesA healthy body tends to lead towards a higher quality of life and lower medical costs. Unfortunately, the United States’ population is suffering from an increasing epidemic of obesity. Ever since the 1970’s, obesity rates have more than doubled within adults and children (â€Å"Obesity in the U.S.†). Obesity is starting to be seen more and more in society, but it all starts with the individual deciding whether to become obese or not. Society defines being obese as having an excess of body fat; or in otherRead MoreReduced Energy Expenditure And Prevalence Obesity Rates Among Children928 Words   |  4 Pageshas contributed to prevalence obesity rates among children. Demographic and epidemiologic analysis alone do not account for the high rates in childhood obesity. These analysis help provide a clearer understanding of why obesity is a national epidemic. It is significant as public health officials to know that there are substantial racial differences in obesity among young kids and teenagers in the United States. Among Hispanics for instance, the incidence of obesity was higher in 2011-2012 at 22Read MoreChildhood Obesity Among Hispanic Children1729 Words   |  7 Pages Obesity among Hispanic Children Childhood obesity has increased dramatically during the past decade (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2011). Although the rise in obesity cuts across all of age groups, both genders, and all cultural and racial groups; statistics have demonstrated that Hispanic children are more likely to become obese than White or Black children in the United States. According to the United States Department of Agriculture (2011), childhood obesity is more prevalentRead MoreObesity : Obesity And Obesity989 Words   |  4 PagesObesity is a condition in which the over accumulation of adipose fat tissue causes the weight of a person to increase abnormally. Their weight exceeds by 20%, as a factor of their ideal body weight. According to recent analysis, statistics show that more than one third of the world’s population is targeted by obesity. Research shows that overweight and obesity kills more people than underweight. Obesity occurs greatly amongst adults who are 18 years or old er. An estimated 600 million adults wereRead MoreFactors That Influence Obesity Rates Among Children Essay1520 Words   |  7 PagesThis paper will describe the factors that influence obesity rates among children. It will review relevant literature concerning the bio-psychosocial facts and etiology involved in childhood obesity. This paper will discuss why this is a problem not only for the client system, but also a significant social problem. Multiple systems will be explored to support the continuation of the problem on a micro, mezzo and macro level. Some specific policies that exacerbate the problem will be looked at alongRead MoreObesity : A Common Disorder Essay982 Words   |  4 PagesObesity is defined as being grossly fat or overweight. It’s a common disorder involving excessive body fat that increases the risk of health problems. Obesity is also a chronic disease that can have a negative effect on many systems in your body. It is classified as having a Body Mass Index(BMI) of 30 or greater. This condition is very common and usually self treatable rather you choose to diet or exercises which are great strategies for losing weight. Obesity increases your risk of developing relatedRead MoreObesity : A Common And Costly Health Issue Essay760 Words   |  4 PagesObesity have been increasing over the last 30 years, with high rates globally, and among all economic levels. According to the National Conference of State Legislatures: Obesity, a common and costly health issue that increases risk for heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and cancer, affects more than one-third of adults and 17 percent of youth in the United States. By the numbers, 78 million adults and 12 million children are obese—figures many regard as an epidemic (â€Å"Obesity Statistics in the UnitedRead MoreObesity Is Prevalent Between Children And Adolescents In1177 Words   |  5 PagesObesity is prevalent between children and adolescents in the United States. Obesity is the second leading cause of death after smoking in the US. It also causes cancer, and it is associated with unhealthy eating and less exercise or physical activity. The concerns of childhood and adolescent obesity include earlier puberty and menarche in girls, type 2 diabetes and increased rate of the metabolic disease in adolescence and adults. Therefore, the rate of obesity has increased in the American childrenRead MoreObesity : The State Of Imbalance Between The Calo ries1459 Words   |  6 PagesObesity is the state of imbalance between the calories consumed versus the calories expended leading to an excessive fat accumulation in adipose tissue resulting in physical and psychological problems. The excess fat is distributed in the body either around the waist (abdominal fat), trunk (android store fat) or gynoid store fat in hips/thighs. The primary causes of obesity are inactivity, unhealthy diet and eating habits, genetics, unhealthy diet and lifestyle, certain medications like antidepressantsRead MoreWhat Is The Total Population In The City Of Murphy, Texas?1628 Words   |  7 Pages, 2017.) and the â€Å"United States population as of today, October 3, 2017 of 326,102, 454† (Bureau, U.C., 2017). There was data for The State of Texas on the United Census Bureau’s website, for July 1, 2016, but there was not a comparison for Murphy, Texas so the last comparison was April 1, 2010. As of April 1, 2010, there were â€Å"9.6% of children under the age of five years old in the City of Murphy, Texas and 7.7% in the State of Texas† (Bureau, U.C., 2017.). â€Å"The United States report stated â€Å"6.5%

An Event Coordinator For Tippecanoe Villa, A Resident Home...

Nervousness and excitement filled my being as I took those first, shaky steps on Purdue University’s West Lafayette campus. Having just lost my only parent to cancer the year prior, the determination to honor her memory by being the first to graduate college burned brightly within me as I made my way through the halls to my dorm room. What occurred afterwards is testaments my resolve to complete the endeavor I started in hopes of finding grandeur in the pastures beyond graduation. It is this same hope that drives my aspiration to become a Human Resource Generalist through the impactful knowledge and networks gained within University of Colorado Global Campus’ masters of Human Resources Management. My time in undergrad served as a challenging, engaging, eye-opening, and an ultimately unforgettable experience. Being culturally inclined, I joined and became president of Purdue’s only multicultural sorority, Lambda Phi Xi. My need for service excellence in the community led me to become an event coordinator for Tippecanoe Villa, a resident home for elderly and disabled individuals. While I was highly engaged in my social and leadership opportunities, my studies proved to be a different matter entirely. Imagine, for a moment, losing your biggest supporter in life. Imagine being the only person you have ever known to attend college. Then, imagine having a scholarship that only provided you with eight consecutive semesters to graduate with no chance to take time off to find your

Waste Management and Disposal free essay sample

Waste is an unavoidable by-product of most human activity. Economic development and rising living standards in the Asian and Pacific Region have led to increases in the quantity and complexity of generated waste, whilst industrial diversification and the provision of expanded health-care facilities have added substantial quantities of industrial hazardous waste and biomedical waste into the waste stream with potentially severe environmental and human health consequences. Waste is a general term used to describe any material that is no longer useful. Its composition and volume largely depend on consumption patterns and the industrial and economic structures in place. Air quality, water and soil contamination, space consumption and odors all affect our quality of life. On a global scale, calculating the amount of waste being generated presents a problem. The Basel Convention has estimated the amount of hazardous and other waste generated for 2000 and 2001 at 318 and 338 million tons respectively. Waste is also a result of: Overproduction – making things before they are needed Waiting – the time and resources consumed in between major steps in a process. We will write a custom essay sample on Waste Management and Disposal or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Transporting – the unnecessary movement and handling of work. Inappropriate Processing – involves resource overkill, also known as ‘gold platting’. Unnecessary Inventory – in manufacturing the concern is Work-In-Progress (WIP). Unnecessary / Excess Motion — refer to the unnatural acts that people are made to perform in doing their job. Defects – errors are the common focus of improvement disciplines like six-sigma. Municipal solid waste is generated from households, offices, hotels, shops, schools and other institutions. The major components are food waste, paper, plastic, rags, metal and glass, although demolition and construction debris is often included in collected waste, as are small quantities of hazardous waste, such as electric light bulbs, batteries, automotive parts and discarded medicines and chemicals 2. Industrial Waste Industrial solid waste in the Asian and Pacific Region, as elsewhere, encompasses a wide range of materials of varying environmental toxicity. Typically this range would include paper, packaging materials, waste from food processing, oils, solvents, resins, paints and sludges, glass, ceramics, stones, metals, plastics, rubber, leather, wood, cloth, straw, abrasives, etc. As with municipal solid waste, the absence of a regularly up-dated and systematic database on industrial solid waste ensures that the exact rates of generation are largely unknown. 3. Agricultural Waste and Residues Expanding agricultural production has naturally resulted in increased quantities of livestock waste, agricultural crop residues and agro-industrial by-products. . Biomedical Waste The number of hospitals and health care institutions in the Asian and Pacific Region has been increasing to meet the medical and health care requirements of the growing population. Although city planners have long taken into consideration the provision of medical and health care institutions and services, until recent years, they, and even municipal waste management au thorities, have paid very little attention to the wastes generated from these facilities, which are potentially hazardous to human health and the environment. . Radioactive or Nuclear Waste Information regarding disposal practices for radioactive waste is not extensive and few systematic country surveys have been conducted. In Japan, low level radioactive waste generated from 46 operating nuclear power plants is packed into 2 000 liter drums and temporarily stored in on-site storehouses. 6. Due to advancement in technology another type of waste is the Waste electrical and electronic equipment (commonly referred to as WEEE) consists of end of life products and comprises of a range of electrical and lectronic items such as, Refrigerators, IT and telecommunication equipment, Freezers, Electrical and electronic tools, Washing machines, Medical equipment Toasters, Monitoring and control instruments, Hairdryers, Automatic dispensers, Televisions, etc. Impact of Waste Disposing of waste has huge environmental impacts and can cause serious problems. In the UK much is buried in landfill sites – holes in the ground, sometimes old quarries, some times specially dug. Some waste will eventually rot, but not all, and in the process it may smell or generate methane gas, which is explosive and contributes to the greenhouse effect. Leach ate produced as waste decomposes may cause pollution. Badly-managed landfill sites may attract vermin or cause litter. Litter is basically Land spoilage, degradation of land that occurs due to either natural or man-made causes. Waste that is not properly managed, especially excreta and other liquid and solid waste from households and the community, are a serious health hazard and lead to the spread of infectious diseases. Unattended waste lying around attracts flies, rats, and other creatures that in turn spread disease. Plastic waste is another cause for ill health. 1st page left -After more than a century of heavy industrialization and consumption, the planet’s inhabitants are feeling the impacts of over-crowded garbage dumps, contaminated sites, acid rain and polluted air and water. Along with industry, the everyday actions of individuals – such as driving, yard work, home energy and home water use. 2nd page right -Oceans make up the main part of water bodies on the earth and are also home to a large number and wide variety of species or life forms. Over the years and especially in modern times, surplus human activities have adversely affected the marine life. The most important ill effect has been pollution. Incidents of oil spills, industrial waste dumping, garbage disposal and accumulation of various toxic materials as wastes, from many processes has polluted almost all the major aquatic bodies around the globe. Need for Waste Management in India India generates around 0. 2 to 0. 3 million tons of waste on an average every day. A city like Bangalore generates around 3500-4000 tons of waste while Mumbai and Delhi average almost double of this. The onus of disposing this waste in a safe way falls on the municipal corporation. While the developed nations also face the complicated issue of waste disposal, there is a fundamental difference – other nations have been able to achieve high levels of source segregation and have done much more scientific studies on the various disposal techniques and more importantly, implemented them through active public-private participation. Apart from the obvious environmental hazards, there are direct and indirect economic costs to this – while the healthcare costs go up due to the air and water pollution happening in the vicinity of the populace, so do the remedial costs for mitigating the contamination of water table due to the seepage of the waste into it. Especially in India, where this network is huge, this problem will become rampant when corporates undertake what the rag pickers have been doing for ages and is their sole source of livelihood. Proper waste disposal is of great importance to both rural and urban areas. Not doing this may bring us to danger in many ways and surely everybody knows this. Time and again, people are always being educated about the importance of waste but then this process should not stop because every now and then, people forget. So, going back to proper waste disposal, there are so many ways on how people can minimize the accumulation of waste for lesser job to be done in the future. Methods of Safe Disposal of Waste For over thirty years, African nations have been used as the dump station for hazardous waste materials from countries larger and richer. These countries are attempting to lower the costs by disposing or recycling hazardous by-products created by their industrial business. Many African nations have been sought financial gain by importing hazardous waste from the west because they are trapped with economic affliction. Waste disposal is a growing problem worldwide and is directly connected to industrial development and population growth. Since early modern times, disposing of waste has been an important concern for individuals and community officials. Although there have been recent advancements in waste disposal, it remains an overall public safety and environmental health issue hat countries around the world continue to address. there are many steps to manage or prevent the accumulation of waste: 1. Segregating waste Waste can be segregated as 1. Biodegradable 2. Non Biodegradable. Biodegradable wastes include organic waste, e. g. kitchen waste, vegetables, fruits, flowers, leaves from the garden, and paper. Non biodegradable waste can be further segregated into: a) Recyclable waste – plastics, paper, glass, metal, etc. b) Toxic waste – old medicines, paints, chemicals, bulbs, spray cans, fertilizer and pesticide containers, batteries, shoe polish. ) Soiled – hospital waste such as cloth soiled with blood and other body fluids. 2. Dumping of Waste A landfill site is a site for the disposal of waste materials by burial and is the oldest form of waste treatment. Historically, landfills have been the most common methods of organized waste disposal and remain so in many places around the world. Landfills may include internal waste disposal as well as sites used by many producers. Many landfills are also used for waste management purposes, such as the temporary s torage, consolidation and transfer, or processing of waste material (sorting, treatment, or recycling). . Composting Composting is natures way of recycling. Composting biodegrades organic waste. i. e. food waste, manure, leaves, grass trimmings, paper, wood, feathers, crop residue etc. , and turns it into a valuable organic fertilizer. Composting is a natural biological process, carried out under controlled aerobic conditions (requires oxygen). In this process, various microorganisms, including bacteria and fungi, break down organic matter into simpler substances. The effectiveness of the composting process is dependent upon the environmental conditions present within the composting system i. e. xygen, temperature, moisture, material disturbance, organic matter and the size and activity of microbial populations. 4. Drainage Drainage is the natural or artificial removal of surface and sub-surface water from an area. Many agricultural soils need drainage to improve production or to manage water supplies. Wetland soils may need drainage to be used for agriculture. In the northern USA and Eu rope, glaciations created numerous small lakes which gradually filled with humus to make marshes. Some of these were drained using open ditches and trenches to make muck lands, which are primarily used for high value crops such as vegetables. After periods of high rainfall, drainage pumps are employed to prevent damage to the citrus groves from overly wet soils. There are many different types of drainage solutions and drainage installation methods. Choosing the right one often can help alleviate a drainage problem. The installation of the French drain is generally made to best facilitate the distribution of water away from problem areas. 5. Treatment of Effluents Before Discharge Sewage treatment is the process of removing contaminants from wastewater and household sewage, both runoff (effluents) and domestic. It includes physical, chemical, and biological processes to remove physical, chemical and biological contaminants. Its objective is to produce an environmentally-safe fluid waste stream (or treated effluent) and a solid waste (or treated sludge) suitable for disposal or reuse (usually as farm fertilizer). Using advanced technology it is now possible to re-use sewage effluent for drinking water, although Singapore is the only country to implement such technology on a production scale in its production of NEWater. 6. Incineration Incineration is a waste treatment process that involves the combustion of organic substances contained in waste materials. Incineration and other high temperature waste treatment systems are described as thermal treatment. Incineration of waste materials converts the waste into ash, flue gas, and heat. The ash is mostly formed by the inorganic constituents of the waste, and may take the form of solid lumps or particulates carried by the flue gas. The flue gases must be cleaned of gaseous and particulate pollutants before they are dispersed into the atmosphere. In some cases, the heat generated by incineration can be used to generate electric power. Incinerators reduce the solid mass of the original waste by 80–85% and the volume (already compressed somewhat in garbage trucks) by 95-96 %, depending on composition and degree of recovery of materials such as metals from the ash for recycling. [2] This means that while incineration does not completely replace landfilling, it significantly reduces the necessary volume for disposal. 7. Use of Scrubbers And Electrostatic Precipitators Scrubber systems are a diverse group of air pollution control devices that can be used to remove some particulates and/or gases from industrial exhaust streams. Traditionally, the term scrubber has referred to pollution control devices that use liquid to wash unwanted pollutants from a gas stream. Recently, the term is also used to describe systems that inject a dry reagent or slurry into a dirty exhaust stream to wash out acid gases. Scrubbers are one of the primary devices that control gaseous emissions, especially acid gases. Scrubbers can also be used for heat recovery from hot gases by flue-gas condensation. There are several methods to remove toxic or corrosive compounds from exhaust gas and neutralize it. An electrostatic precipitator (ESP), or electrostatic air cleaner is a particulate collection device that removes particles from a flowing gas (such as air) using the force of an induced electrostatic charge. Electrostatic precipitators are highly efficient filtration devices that minimally impede the flow of gases through the device, and can easily remove fine particulate matter such as dust and smoke from the air stream. 1] In contrast to wet scrubbers which apply energy directly to the flowing fluid medium, an ESP applies energy only to the particulate matter being collected and therefore is very efficient in its consumption of energy (in the form of electricity). Conclusion In a country like India, which aspires to be a global economic giant, public health and quality of life are degrading everyd ay with the increasing gap between services required and those provided. India is also considered a sacred nation by the majority of its inhabitants but the streets and open lands in Indian cities are filled with untreated and rotting garbage. Some countries have achieved considerable success in solid waste management. But the rest of the world is grappling to deal with its wastes. In these places, improper management of solid waste continues to impact public health of entire communities and cities; pollute local water, air and land resources; contribute to climate change and ocean plastic pollution; hinder climate change adaptation; and accelerate depletion of forests and mines. Waste management is not just a corporate social responsibility or a non-priority service anymore. Improper waste management is a public health and environmental crisis, economic loss, operational inefficiency and political and public awareness failure. Integrated solid waste management can be a nation building exercise for healthier and wealthier communities. Therefore, it needs global attention to arrive at solutions which span across such a wide range of issues.

Long Term Effects of Exercise on the Body free essay sample

Chronic responses are very specific to the type of training performed. †¢ The frequency, duration and intensity of the training undertaken – the greater these things, the more pronounced the adaptations †¢ The individual’s capacities and hereditary factors (genetic make-up) Chronic Adaptations to Aerobic (endurance) Training: †¢ Minimum period is 6 weeks †¢ More evident over 12 weeks †¢ Adaptations occur at both tissue and system levels. Cardiorespiratory Adaptations to Aerobic (endurance) Training Chronic cardio-respiratory adaptations are primarily designed for more efficient delivery of larger quantities of oxygen to working muscles. †¢ They decrease cardiovascular disease (CVD)and other health-related illnesses. †¢ Cardio-respiratory adaptations are best developed through continuous, fartlek and longer interval type training. Cardiovascular Adaptations: Cardiac hypertrophy (increased ventricular volume): †¢ Enlargement of the heart muscle itself †¢ Increase in size and volume of the ventricular chambers, particularly the left ventricle occurs. Significantly increases stroke volume Increased capillarisation of the heart muscle: †¢ Increase in capillarisation of the heart muscle itself (Increase in capillary density and blood flow to the heart muscle) †¢ Increased supply of blood and oxygen allows the heart to beat more strongly and efficiently during rest and exercise †¢ Coronary protective benefit (therefore decreased risk of heart attack) Increased stroke volume of the heart: Heart ejects a greater volume of blood with each beat Stroke volume is greater at rest, during sub-max and max workloads for a trained athlete compared to an untrained person Eg. We will write a custom essay sample on Long Term Effects of Exercise on the Body or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Average stroke volume at rest: †¢ Untrained male 70-80millilitres/beat, †¢ Trained male endurance athlete 100millilitres/beat or more. During maximal exercise: †¢ Untrained person – 110 millilitres/beat †¢ Trained person – 130 millilitres/beat †¢ Elite endurance athletes – 190 millilitres/beat Trained and untrained females have lower stroke volumes than their male counterparts under all exercise conditions, mainly due to a smaller heart size Lower resting heart rate: The amount of oxygen required by an individual at rest does not alter as a result of their training status. At rest, it takes about 5 litres of blood per minute (cardiac output) to circulate around the body to supply the required amount of oxygen to the body cells Cardiac output (Q) is equal to stroke volume (SV) multiplied by heart rate (HR). Q = SV x HR However, if an individual has developed a greater stroke volume, the heart does not have to beat as frequently to supply the required blood flow Eg. Before training: Q = SV x HR 5L/min = 70 mL/beat x 71 beats/min After training: Q = SV x HR 5L/min = 100 mL/beat x 50 beats/min This is why resting heart rate is a useful indicator of aerobic fitness. Lower resting heart rate – greater level of aerobic fitness †¢ Elite – 35bpm (marathon runners, triathletes, distance swimmers) †¢ Average adult male – 70bpm Lower heart rate during sub-maximal workloads: Mainly a result of increased stroke volume. The heart works more efficiently (More blood is pumped with each beat, and therefore the heart doesn’t have to work as hard to supply the required blood flow and oxygen supply) Slower increase in heart rate during exercise and a lower and faster attainment of steady state during exercise Improved heart-rate recovery rates: Heart rate of a trained athlete will return to pre-exercise levels (resting rate) in a much shorter time than that of an untrained individual. Increased cardiac output at maximum workloads: Cardiac output – unchanged at rest and even during sub-maximal exercise regardless of training status. Does increase during maximal exercise. Maximal exercise – may increase to values of: †¢ 20-22 litres per minute for untrained male †¢ 15-16 litres per minute for untrained females †¢ 30 litres per minute or more – highly trained athletes Lower blood pressure: May lower blood pressure, especially among people who suffer from hypertension (high blood pressure) Systolic and diastolic pressure levels may decrease during both rest and exercise Helps to reduce resistance to blood flow and reduces strain on the heart, thereby decreasing the risk of heart attack and other cardiovascular conditions Increased arterio-venous oxygen difference (a-VO2 diff): Trained individuals are able to absorb more oxygen from their bloodstream into their muscles during exercise performance compared to untrained subjects. This is due to: †¢ Increased muscle myoglobin stores †¢ Increased number and size of mitochondria within their muscles As a result of this, the concentration of oxygen within the venous blood is lower Subsequently the arterio-venous oxygen difference is increased during both sub-max and maximal exercise Therefore, and increased arterio-venous oxygen difference (a-VO2 diff) indicates a greater uptake of oxygen by the muscles with trained individuals Increased blood volume and haemoglobin levels: Total blood volume may rise by up to 25% (from 5. 25L to 6. 6L) for an average adult male with regular and sustained aerobic training. Red blood cells may increase in number and the haemoglobin content and oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood may also rise. Increased capillarisation of skeletal muscle: The average number of capillaries supplying each muscle fibres is: †¢ 5. for trained athletes †¢ 4. 4 for untrained athletes Changes to blood cholesterol, triglycerides, low- and high-density lipoprotein levels: Results may include a decrease in blood cholesterol levels, triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein (LDL). These substances are associated with the development of coronary heart disease. Aerobic training increases the ratio of high-density lipo-protein (HDL) to low-density lipoprotein. High-density lipoprotein is thought to provide a coronary protective effect, lessening the risk of developing coronary heart disease. Respiratory Adaptations Increased lung ventilation: More efficient and improved lung ventilation At rest and during sub-maximal exercise, ventilation may be reduced due to improved oxygen extraction However, during maximal workloads, ventilation is increased because of increased tidal volume (amount of air breathed in and out in one breath) and respiratory frequency (the number of breaths taken per minute). Pulmonary diffusion (the ability of the blood to extract oxygen from the alveoli) is also enhanced. Increased maximum oxygen uptake (VO2 max) Increase in the maximum oxygen uptake (VO2 max) during maximal exercise Improvement can be between 5–30% following a regular and sustained training program This occurs because of adaptations such as: †¢ Increased cardiac output †¢ Increased red blood cell numbers †¢ Increased a-VO2 difference †¢ Increased muscle capillarisation †¢ Greater oxygen extraction by the muscles Increased anaerobic or lactate threshold As a result of the adaptations that improve oxygen delivery and utilisation in the muscles, a higher lactate threshold (the point at which oxygen supply cannot keep up with oxygen demand) is developed. Advantage: The anaerobic glycolysis (lactic acid) system is not utilised as much until higher exercise intensities are reached. Consequently, lactic acid and hydrogen ion accumulation will be delayed until these higher work-load intensities are attained The athlete can â€Å"work harder and for longer periods† Muscle Tissue Adaptations to A erobic (Endurance) Training: Chronic aerobic training adaptations within muscular tissue are best produced through continuous training or high-repetition resistance training The following tissue-level changes can be observed within skeletal muscles following extensive endurance training: Increased oxygen utilisation: Aerobic training enhances the body’s ability to attract oxygen into the muscle cells and then utilise it to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP) for muscle contraction This process occurs in the following ways: †¢ Increased size and number of mitochondria – Mitochondria are the site of ATP synthesis and where glycogen and triglyceride stores are oxidised (Greater oxidisation of fuels to produce ATP) †¢ Increased myoglobin stores – Myoglobin is the substance in the muscle cell that attracts oxygen from the bloodstream into the muscle. (Increase ability to extract oxygen) Increased muscular fuel stores: Increase in the muscular storage of glycogen, free fatty acids and triglycerides, along with the oxidative enzymes required to metabolise these fuel stores and produce ATP. Increased oxidation of glucose and fats: The muscular adaptations result in an increase in the capacity of muscle fibres to oxidate both glucose and fats The capacity of the aerobic system to metabolise these fuels is increased Increased oxidation of fats as a fuel source; due to: †¢ Increased storage of triglycerides and free fatty acids †¢ Increased levels of enzymes associated with fat metabolism Means that: At any given exercise intensity, a trained individual has to rely less on glycogen, thereby â€Å"sparing† glycogen stores (Glycogen sparing) Therefore delaying the time to exhaustion due to glycogen depletion. Decreased utilisation of the anaerobic glycolysis (lactic acid) system: The enhanced capacity of the muscles to aerobically metabolise glucose and fats and other muscular level adaptations also means that there is less reliance upon the anaerobic glycolysis system to produce energy for ATP resynthesis until higher exercise intensities are reached. Allows athletes to work at higher intensities without exceeding lactate threshold. OR †¢ Aerobic training results in an increase in the lactate threshold Eg. An athlete must run at a faster pace in order to accumulate the same amount of blood lactic acid as before training Muscle-fibre type adaptation: Some research has shown evidence that skeletal muscle switches fibre types from fast twitch to slow twitch as a result of endurance training. Skeletal muscle fibres are classified into three types: Type 1 – Slow-twitch oxidative fibres: Contain large amounts of myoglobin, and large numbers of mitochondria and blood capillaries. †¢ Red †¢ Split ATP at a slow rate †¢ Slow contraction velocity †¢ Very resistant to fatigue †¢ High capacity to generate ATP by oxidative metabolic processes. Type 2A – Fast-twitch oxidative fibres: †¢ Contain an extremely large amount of myoglobin, and huge numbers of mitochondria and blood capillaries. †¢ Red †¢ Very high capacity for generating ATP by oxidative metabolic processes †¢ Split ATP at a very rapid rate †¢ Fast contraction velocity †¢ Resistant to fatigue Type 2B – Fast-twitch glycolytic fibres: †¢ Contain low myoglobin content, relatively few mitochondria and blood capillaries, and large amounts of glycogen †¢ White †¢ Geared to generate ATP by anaerobic metabolic processes †¢ Fatigue easily †¢ Split ATP at a fast rate †¢ Fast contraction velocity Individual muscles are a mixture of the three types of muscle fibres, but their proportions vary depending on the action of the muscle and the genetic make-up of the individual Summary of muscle tissue adaptations to aerobic (endurance) training: Before Training |After Training | |Mitochondria (size and number) |Increased | |Glycogen Stores |Increased | |Myoglobin |Increased | |Triglyceride Stores |Increased | |Oxidation (both glucose and fats) |Increased |Anaerobic Glycolysis (lactic acid system) |Decreased | |Muscle Type Adaptation (number and type) |Increased | | | | | |Some conversion of: | | |Type 2B fibres to | | |Type 2A fibres | Chronic Adaptatio ns to Anaerobic Training Anaerobic training effects are best developed through sprint training, shorter and faster interval training, plyometric training, circuit training, and resistance (strength and power) training. The greatest adaptations occur at the muscle-tissue level. They include: Muscle hypertrophy: Significant enlargement of muscle fibres (mainly Type 2B fast-twitch fibres) resulting in muscular hypertrophy (an increase in the cross-sectional size of the muscle) and subsequently, greater strength

Free Essays on Slide Wire Experiment

Slide Wire Experiment (E-4) This experiment was engaged upon by measuring the internal resistance of three power sources and the electromotive force (emf). The potential difference between the terminals of such a source, when no current flows to en external circuit, is called an electromotive force, or emf source. The three power sources were a new 1.5V hobby battery an old 1.5V hobby battery, and a Daniel cell. A seat or source if electromotive foce may be any device that converts one type of energy (chemical, mechanical, light, etc.) into electrical energy. The work required to move 1 unit of positive charge from the negative to the positive terminal of a seat of emf, defines electromotive force in terms of work the seat of emf doe on electrical charges. All batteries, either new, old or Daniel cell, will give off some internal resistance. The internal resistance of the battery is due to its ability to hold back the total flow of charge from one electrode to another. The terminal voltage equals the emf when no current is drawn from the battery. This is determined by the chemical reactions in the battery. In the case of a dry or wet cell, the internal resistance depends on the construction of the cell, and the size and conditions of its electrodes. On the other hand, the emf is a characteristic of the chemical process in the cell or battery. A potentiometer was used in our experiment to make comparisons of an unknown emf, u, with the emf of a standard cell, u. We assembled the apparatus as shown in figure 1 of the lab manual, connected the slide directly to the power supply set for 2V, kept it at standby until the measurements were achieved. Next, we calibrated the slide wire potentiometer with standard cell. Thus, we determined the distance x, on the slide wire and we recorded the value of x in Table 1. Then we measured the emf of a new 1.5V hobby battery, by connecting the new hobby battery and we determined the distance ... Free Essays on Slide Wire Experiment Free Essays on Slide Wire Experiment Slide Wire Experiment (E-4) This experiment was engaged upon by measuring the internal resistance of three power sources and the electromotive force (emf). The potential difference between the terminals of such a source, when no current flows to en external circuit, is called an electromotive force, or emf source. The three power sources were a new 1.5V hobby battery an old 1.5V hobby battery, and a Daniel cell. A seat or source if electromotive foce may be any device that converts one type of energy (chemical, mechanical, light, etc.) into electrical energy. The work required to move 1 unit of positive charge from the negative to the positive terminal of a seat of emf, defines electromotive force in terms of work the seat of emf doe on electrical charges. All batteries, either new, old or Daniel cell, will give off some internal resistance. The internal resistance of the battery is due to its ability to hold back the total flow of charge from one electrode to another. The terminal voltage equals the emf when no current is drawn from the battery. This is determined by the chemical reactions in the battery. In the case of a dry or wet cell, the internal resistance depends on the construction of the cell, and the size and conditions of its electrodes. On the other hand, the emf is a characteristic of the chemical process in the cell or battery. A potentiometer was used in our experiment to make comparisons of an unknown emf, u, with the emf of a standard cell, u. We assembled the apparatus as shown in figure 1 of the lab manual, connected the slide directly to the power supply set for 2V, kept it at standby until the measurements were achieved. Next, we calibrated the slide wire potentiometer with standard cell. Thus, we determined the distance x, on the slide wire and we recorded the value of x in Table 1. Then we measured the emf of a new 1.5V hobby battery, by connecting the new hobby battery and we determined the distance ...

Wreak and Pique Revisited

Wreak and Pique Revisited Wreak and Pique Revisited Wreak and Pique Revisited By Maeve Maddox A plaintive email from a reader has prompted this post on these two misused and abused rhyming verbs: A new civil trialis poised to wreck havoc on the 100-year-old institutions reputation. Shouldnt that be wreak? And shouldnt My interest was peaked be My interest was piqued†? I see that everywhere it seems. Though peaked might be an okay substitute- it sort of means something similar. 1. Yes, the phrase should be â€Å"to wreak havoc.† 2. No, peaked is not an okay substitute for piqued. In modern usage, wreak [REEK] is a transitive verb usually followed by a limited number of object words that include vengeance, havoc, and damage. Storms are the most common wreakers. The past tense form is wreaked [REEKT]. Here are some examples of wreak being used correctly: Tropical storm Arthur expected to wreak havoc on East Coast Storms wreaking havoc across UK Northeasters also wreaked damage in 1991 and 1992. January Jones Discusses Wreaking Vengeance in the Sundance Film ‘Sweetwater’ The word pique [PEEK], as both noun and verb, has more than one meaning. The verb’s most common use is in the sense of stimulate or arouse. The past form is piqued [PEEKT]. Here are some examples in which the verb is spelled correctly: The request piqued my interest and I began what has become a continuing search for documentaries relating to the Comanches. Foreign cricket players hope to pique Lebanese interest New Study Provides Insight into How Piquing Curiosity Changes Our Brains It’s not surprising when entertainment site comments and self-published novels contain errors like these: I still have the feeling that Stavros is alive and the two of them will connect and reek havoc on Pt. Charles. It’s my understanding that you have been using him to wreck vengeance on the descendants of the clergy, and soldiers of New France because of some perceived wrong doing [sic]. I thought [Grimm] was ok. Ill probably keep watching, but the pilot didnt peak my interest right from the start. As one does expect news sources and professional publications to use words correctly, the following errors are less tolerable: Gov. Martin OMalley declared a state of emergency one day before a winter  storm  is  expected to wreck havoc  in Maryland- Baltimore Post Examiner. If  they  come from violent and abusive homes, children learn to be violentwill grow up to  wreck vengeance  on themselves and those around  them.- Social justice site. Four houses destroyed by fire and lightning as the weekends thunderstorms wrecked havoc across Britain- Daily Mail. Extremely high rain soaked [sic] winds wrecked havoc by downing trees and disrupting schools and traffic in the Bay Area- ABC News. All the teachers are engaging and do their best to peak the interest of the student.- Site advertising private school in Washington DC. Though we were enjoying a near perfect day in Oakland, hearing the name Birmingham not only peaked his interest but also placed him back on the Jim Crow bus system in Alabama.- Huffington Post columnist. Misspelling pique is perhaps more understandable than misspelling wreak because peak, peek, and pique are all pronounced the same. Pronunciation offers no excuse for mixing up wreak [REEK] and wreck [REK], however. Bottom line: Speakers who care about the language don’t require excuses for misspelling words they use in daily speech. They learn the differences. Related posts: Wreck, Wreak, and Other [rek/reek] Words Reeking and Wreaking Please, Let Your Interest Be Piqued Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Idioms About TalkingDo you "orient" yourself, or "orientate" yourself?1,462 Basic Plot Types

The fourth of july Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The fourth of july - Essay Example The day started out with me waking up to the explosion of a few fireworks and I remembered how I promised A to go with her for the Independence Day celebration events. My cousins had stayed over the previous day, and once I was done with my morning routine and headed downstairs, I saw the whole kitchen bustling with excited young energy. The radio was blaring with Fourth of July related theme songs in the kitchen, whereas in the living room the television showed news regarding the various events of the day. I was not surprised to find A making merry with the elders of my family and I began to realize how much close she had become with us. â€Å"Good morning, sleepyhead,† she happily shrieked, to which I replied â€Å"A very good morning to you too miss cheeky-full-of-energy.† My cousins and I got ready soon and once I was done with breakfast, we left, but only after A reminded the elders that if they were lucky, they could spot us on television on channel ‘WETA TV 26.’ The plan was to spend the day in Washington, DC, attending all the events held there and getting home only after, as A ordered, we had the real taste of Fourth of July. â€Å"Hurry up, or we’re going to miss the train people!† she exclaimed, and I frantically ushered my four cousins into the metro. I could swear I have never seen the station so overcrowded before, not to mention the train itself. What I could notice from the tiny gap between my cousins was the happy faces of people who were in the train. This particular train population consisted of people dressed up in different styles related to the nation’s flag, and belonging to different age groups, as well as those who were unique in their own ethnicity, race and culture. I was amazed at how the train stood testimony to the growing multiculturalism in the North American mainstream (Kottak and Kozaitis). We were headed to the National Mall, and upon observing the people that surrounded us, I could gather th at they had the same

Vietnamese History in the 20th Century Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Vietnamese History in the 20th Century - Essay Example Vietnam, however, suffered more internal repression as it was internally isolated because of continued cold war. With the helm of President Dwight Eisenhower and John Kennedy, Vietnam was able to make economic policy reforms, that have made it enjoy marked economic growth and reduced political repression, but corruption was still evident. The leadership styles of these leaders have had both effective and ineffective qualities. Vietnam was under the rule of France, for the better part of the 20th century. Geneva conference of 1954 left Vietnam divided, with the North being ruled by Ho Chi Minh of the communist government and the South being ruled by Ngo Dinh Diem, who was supported by the US. Between 1954 and 1975, the 2nd Indochina War between Vietnam’s Peoples Army and Vietnam Congress from the North brought Vietnam unification but under communist rule, with the south being supported by the US. With US military support, the southerners were able to maintain their independence. Two years later, US forces withdrew and South Vietnam fell again to the communists. During the times that the US were involved in the war, it is estimated that 3 million people lost their lives while 4 million were seriously injured. In 1978 to 1989, the international isolation of Vietnam extended its relations with the United States. The US barred normal ties with Vietnam for as long their forces remained in Cambodia, besides citing its minimal cooperation so as to account for Americans missing in action, as an obstacle to their relations.  

Playing Upon the String of Emptiness Essay Example for Free

Playing Upon the String of Emptiness Essay Nowadays, the search for something new has been greatly pursued. The availability of resources helped individuals to innovate. It impels them to work beyond the existing rules and surpassing limitations, be it in the field of music, architecture, literature, etc. The modernity of this world brought upon by globalization made it easier to reach cultures. Cultures that were bound by their physical territories before have been accessible because of modern technologies. This easy, unlimited exposure provides endless ideas and innovations that bring about different works of art. For Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, this infinite flow of innovations or novelties offers unrestricted venues for artists to produce their works—venues that are free from rules and do not conform to a certain set of standards. According to him, this poses a threat to the morality of society as well as of the artists’. He argued that novelty is an art with unlimited freedom and thus equates to a soulless art. This perspective was explained in the context of Russian’s struggle with communism which Solzhenitsyn directly experienced. He focused on the deterioration of arts’ standard after the fall of Communism, specifically with literature. Due to the given freedom, arts do not fall under a set of standards, causing the artistic value to suffer. He then related that Communism promoted a new society. To be able to build a new one, the old cultures and traditions should be thrown away: To start a new world is to start from scratch. Solzhenitsyn then compared this situation to the literary artists in his country. They were writing outright criticisms of every aspect of Russian roots like language, religion, and traditional cultures—a move that was so desperate for a change to be made by who he termed as ‘desperate innovators’. The author disapproved of forgetting the roots of any artistic work, for this is important in the development of a new face of art. Solzhenitsyn does not believe in the aggressive step of aiming forward in the arts starting from nothing. Novelty becomes relentless with the absence of ancient roots. It is an unintelligible art with no significant value to the world—an art without a purpose and is useless. Solzhenitsyn cited what kinds of arts were produced because of the frantic novelty frenzy. The arts arising from novelty does not have that spiritual connection from the artist with the world. Since the ‘great cultural tradition’ has been detached, the spiritual grounds that were developed from it are missing as well. Arts were not produced for a greater purpose anymore. Thus, it does not emanate a higher sense of value for the world. It is reduced to a mere display without a profound significance. It was from the author’s observation that the absence of artistic limits has resulted in irresponsibility and apathy. Solzhenitsyn mentioned the ‘what do you care’ attitude of the Russian writers who created literary works when the censorship has been lifted after the downfall of communism. This kind of artistic mindset alienates the welfare of its audience. The line between right and wrong has become thinner, its boundaries blurry and sometimes interchanging. The arts, according to Solzhenitsyn, have been turned into more of a personal ambition of the artists rather than an intentional product of passion and love. He stressed that artists do not bring the world as the subject; they are the focal point. The arts became a movement of personal interests of the artists. Novelty becomes like a venue for affectation. Going back to Solzhenitsyn main argument, novelty became ruthless because it eradicated the classical foundation of arts. Arts cannot push for development if its foundation will be forgotten. It would be more disruptive if it will be forced to progress aggressively without any fundamentals to back it up. Alexander Solzhenitsyn sees novelty as a cause for a more individualistic nature rather than being communal in interaction. He was alarmed by how the current generation responded to old traditions. These traditions were treated as something useless and irrelevant in the present. Novelty was portrayed by the author as something anti-cultural and antagonistic of anything universally accepted. The saying ‘to each his own’ in arts or in general constitutes obscure distinction between good and evil. Another supporting factor for Solzhenitsyn’s argument is that this particular freedom attached with novelty developed into a negative relativity. This has been embraced by young artists who turn self-expression into a lack of sensitivity with regard to the effects of their work to other people. Social responsibility slowly ceased to exist anymore. Artistic freedom has always been believed to be helpful in maximizing an artist’s work. However, Alexander Solzhenitsyn presented an opposite view. The freedom vested on the artist implies a threat of producing an art with is a much lesser value. With no artistic limitations and no principles to follow, art becomes less of a recreation instead of serving a higher purpose. Solzhenitsyn emphasized the need to take the cultural tradition into account because without it, progress will be impossibly successful. He sees novelty as a trend resulting in chaos—socially and morally disruptive. It promotes an individualism that is obviously selfish and divides humanity even more. Innovations should be created for the benefit of others. Arts may be a compiled output of an individual’s unique skills and talents, but there will always be a responsibility attached to it because people get to grasp these works. An art is a huge factor in contributing to the formation of an ideology in a society. It is a powerful tool to propagate a message that can reach a huge number of people. Hence, Solzhenitsyn sees its development as critical because this will determine where the world will be heading to. The world will not be able to move forward without revisiting and considering the past. The cultural traditions within human society should be embedded for development. It is an important basis to learn from past mistakes and to improve on the present. It can be seen that Solzhenitsyn somehow views relentless novelty as the anarchism of art that will later on transcend into society. He mentioned the absence of laws in the process of arts and the lack of absolute truth. Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn provided the view of novelty enclosed in a reckless handful of freedom and a lack of traditional grounds. He presented it as something negative because he had witnessed what it did to his people especially to the younger generations. As an artist himself, the author poses a huge concern on what kind of directions the arts would take since he knows the powerful influence of it to the society. He hopes to spread his view to make the younger generations be exposed of what history has brought the Russian country and what were its implications. Solzhenitsyn firmly believes that through history, it may shape the new artists to work for a greater purpose for humanity.

Good and Bad in Othello Essay -- Othello essays

Good and Bad in Othello  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   A huge battle between good and evil is waged the William Shakespeare’s drama Othello. In this essay let us study the many facets of these two dimensions as presented through the words and actions of the characters.    Can the protagonist, who has committed a double killing in the last scene, be saved? In William Shakespeare: The Tragedies, Paul A. Jorgensen discusses the theology of the final scene:    It is better not to look too anxiously into the theology of the outcome. Othello has no doubt that he is damned. But better theologians than he would place more credence and hope in the genuineness of his final passion. From the stern general who had, as his first line, the cold â€Å"’Tis better as it is† (1.2.6), he has traversed a pilgrimage of known and feeling sorrow. And, it must be repeated, it will depend upon the beholder whether one judges or rejoices in the transfiguration of loving not wisely but too well. (66)    Unquestionably the most immoral, the most evil and sinister, character in the play is the ancient. Totaling the lies which he tells to everyone about him would require considerable effort and time. In Shakespeare’s Four Giants Blanche Coles comments on the lack of veracity in Iago’s speech:    The story that Iago tells Roderigo about the promotion of Cassio over him is not true, although it has been accepted by many discriminating scholars. Careless reading alone can account for this misapprehension, careless reading which for the moment dulls their alertness to one of the most essential requirements of Shakespearean character analysis. That requirement is that the reader must never accept, or must always be ready to challenge, the word of any charac... ...rdered mistress, resuscitates morality in this play. Emilia refutes the untrue notions which Othello says motivated him to kill; she counters Iago’s lies (â€Å"She give it Cassio? No, alas, I found it, / And I did give’t my husband.†) and lays the guilt for Desdemona’s murder on his shoulders. And she sacrifices her very life for the truth; she dies a martyr, stabbed by evil Iago. Othello also is a martyr in a sense, voluntarily paying in full for the crime that he committed.    WORKS CITED    Coles, Blanche. Shakespeare’s Four Giants. Rindge, New Hampshire: Richard Smith Publisher, 1957.    Jorgensen, Paul A. William Shakespeare: The Tragedies. Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1985.    Shakespeare, William. Othello. In The Electric Shakespeare. Princeton University. 1996. http://www.eiu.edu/~multilit/studyabroad/othello/othello_all.html No line nos.

Child Psychology Services (Part 2) Essay

Explain why it is important to ensure children and young people are protected from harm within the work setting. It is important to ensure children and young people are protected from harm within the setting, as the parents are leaving their children in your care with the expectation that they can trust you and your colleagues to keep their children from harm. It is difficult for parents to leave their children in an education or care setting and then go to work; they need to be confident that their children will be in safe supportive hands with people that will help them develop. Explain policies and procedures that are in place to protect children and young people and adults who work with them. Any professional working with children or young people is responsible for the care and well being of those children. Making sure that a child is safe on or out of a school setting is of paramount importance. Not only does it make a child or young person feel safe in a learning environment but it also gives the child the security to develop and achieve from an early age. As well as having policies to ensure that only suitable people work in their setting, managers need to promote very clear practices and ways of working to protect both the children and adults work with. Everyone in a setting has a responsibility to work hard to promote the welfare of the children in their care. – Working in an open and transparent way – Open-plan rooms, this ensures that no member of staff is totally alone and out of view with a child. Sharing plans and talking about different ways of working also helps to make sure that staff work in the most appropriate ways. – Listening to children and young people – Whenever possible avoid agreeing to keep something a secret. Always tell  a child if you feel you need to share information, especially if you feel a safeguarding issue is involved. It is important that you record and report any concern you have about a child’s welfare; make sure you know who to go in your setting. – Power and positions of trust – If you are involved in the care of children or young people, you are working in a position of trust. You have authority over the children and parents have placed their trust in you to look after them; this brings responsibilities. People who want to occupy position of trust with children and young people and vulnerable adults have to have enhanced CRB checks. – Propriety and behaviour – Children and young people tend to respect and look up to people in position of trust. You must think carefully about your own behaviour and the example you set to children and young people in your care. – Physical contact – Young children need physical contact; in they have fallen over, a cuddle can help them to recover and get back to playing. However, too much physical contact can be easily misunderstood. Make sure you are familiar with what is acceptable. Taking a child to the toilet, changing a nappy or helping a child change out of soiled clothes are all normal everyday tasks; but never do any of these in a room with the door closed or out of sight of other member of staff. Remembering this protects not only the child but yourself as well. – Photographs and video recordings – Photographing or videoing activities in any setting are great ways to let parents see what their children have been doing. Photos and videos are not available to anyone other than parents and carers; always make sure that parents have given permission for photos to be taken. Evaluate ways in which concerns about poor practice can be reported whilst ensuring that whistleblowers and those whose practice or behaviour is being questioned are protected. At some stage whilst working with children you may be faced with the problem of what to do about someone whose practice is unacceptable. You must not ignore poor practice, no matter who it is being carried out by. (It can be very difficult to report someone you work with, or even your manager) How to whistle blow: – think about exactly what is worrying you and why. – approach your supervisor, manager or safeguarding named person. – tell someone about your concerns as soon as you feel you can. – put your concerns in writing, outlining the background and history, giving names, dates and places where you can. – make sure something happens. Whistle blowing does take courage. There is the risk of being bullied or harassed as a result, but anyone who whistle blows has the right to protection from the person they have raised concerns about. If you suffer as a result of a whistle blowing incident the UK Public Interest Disclosure Act 1998 offers legal protection. Explain how practitioners can take steps to protect themselves within their everyday practice in the work setting and on off site visits.   A significant element of a practitioner’s role in protecting themselves would be to read policies and procedures that are put in place to safeguard them and children or young people in their care. In a care setting a professional can protect themselves by: – Avoid being alone in a closed room with a child. – Two members of staff must be present if a child needs to be undressed in the event of an accident. – If a child is collected late by a parent/carer then two staff members must stay until the child is collected. – Always be seen to be working in an open and transparent way where there is either visual access or an open door, especially in one to one situations. – Avoid meetings with children or young people in an isolated or private area of a care setting. It would be unrealistic to recommend that a member of staff should touch children or young people only in emergencies as very few people would agree with that, especially when young children can become so distressed in certain situations and a cuddle or close contact is needed by the child. Physical contact, guides and support are necessary in a range of settings appropriate to the age of the child and the circumstances at that time. Settings should provide a clear guidance about when and how the physical contact should be used in order to protect both staff and children. Effective management of risk should become automatic as you become more experienced. For every activity you plan, you should think about the hazards, the likelihood of the hazard occurring and the control measures. – Risk, the outcome or likely impact of the hazard associated with the activity to be undertaken. – Hazard, something that has the potential to cause harm. – Likelihood, the probability of any harm from the hazard actually happening. – Control measure, any activity or measures put in place to control or minimise identified risks. In the case of educational visits, professionals should always carry out a full risk assessment of that visit, under the Health and Safety at work regulations Act 1999 it requires employers to assess the risks of activities, introduce measures to control these risks and inform employees of these measures. Before a trip can be arranged employers must follow the necessary policies and procedures as follows: – Age, competence, fitness and the standard behaviour of the children and young people. – Any special educational or medical needs of the children. – Adult to children ratio. – The competence and qualifications of the accompanying adults. – Modes of transport and location of visit. – Emergency procedures. – Permission from parents. – Relevant medical or dietary needs of children. Describe the possible signs, symptoms, indicators and behaviours that may cause concern in the context of safeguarding It is important that you are aware of the indications of child abuse. Not every sign means a child is being abused. Sometimes the first signs that you observe are not physical but a change in behaviour. It is important that you record your concerns and monitor any unexplained changes in a child’s behaviour. Sometimes a child may be experiencing more than one type of abuse. Physical abuse Physical abuse is when a child is physically hurt or injured (hitting, kicking, beating with objects, throwing and shaking are all physical abuse, and cause pain, cuts bruising, broken bones and sometimes even death) Signs and symptoms of physical abuse can include: – Unexplained recurrent injuries of burns. – Wearing heavy clothes to cover injuries, even in hot weather. – Refusal to undress. – Bald patches of hair. – Repeated running away from home. – Fear of medical examination. – Aggression towards self and others. – Fear of physical contact, shrinking back if approached or touched. Many signs of physical abuse can be confused with genuine accidental injuries, but they are often not in the places or distributed as you would expect. Sometimes the explanation does not fit the injury, or you may see the outline of a belt buckle or cigarette burn. Suspicion should be aroused if the parents have not sought medical advice soon after the injury occurred. Emotional abuse Emotional abuse occurs when children are not given love, approval or acceptance. They may be constantly criticised, blamed, sworn and shouted at, told that other people are better than they are. Emotional abuse also involves withholding love and affection. It is often linked with neglect Signs and symptoms of emotional abuse can include: – Delayed development. – Sudden speech problems such as stammering. – Low self-esteem. – Fear of any new situations. – Neurotic behaviour. – Extremes of withdrawal or aggression. Neglect Neglect, which can result in failure to thrive, is when parents or others looking after children do not provide them with proper food, warmth, shelter, clothing, care or protection Signs and symptoms of neglect can include: – Constant hunger. – Poor personal hygiene. – Constant tiredness. – Poor state of clothing. – Unusual thinness or lack of normal body weight. – Untreated medical problems. – No social relationships. – Stealing food. – Destructive tendencies. Sexual abuse Sexual abuse is when a child is forced or persuaded into sexual acts or situations by others. Children may be encouraged to look at pornography, be harassed by sexual suggestions or comments, be touched sexually or forced to have sex. Signs and symptoms of sexual abuse can include: – Sexual knowledge of behaviour that is inappropriate to the child’s age. – Medical problems such as chronic itching, pain in the genitals, venereal disease. – Depression, self-mutilation, suicide attempts, running away, overdoses or anorexia. – Personality changes (becoming insecure or clinging). – Regressing to younger behaviour patterns (thumb-sucking, cuddly toys). – Sudden loss of appetite or compulsive eating. – Being isolated or withdrawn. – Inability to concentrate. – Lack of trust or fear of someone they know well, (wanting to be alone with babysitter, child minder). – Starting to wet or soil again, day or night. – Becoming worried about clothing being removed. – Drawing sexually explicit pictures. – Trying to be ‘ultra-good or perfect, overreacting to criticism. Describe the actions to take if a child or young person alleges harm or abuse in line with policies and procedures of own setting. All settings that have contact with children and young people must have clear policies and procedures to follow in all cases of abuse. Staff must have training in these and organisation for dealing with the situation. Disclosure of abuse by a child can occur at any time and it can be a shock to hear details. The way an allegation is received can be very important in the outcome to a child, even many years later. There have been many examples in the past of children not being believed at the time they declared their experience often resulting in serious problems later in life. At my nursery setting if a child was to disclose any information we would get onto the child’s level and ask three questions, we would ask; – What Happened? – Where did it happen? – When did it happen? We would take note of exactly what the child said and take this straight to our safeguarding officer on the premises. Explain the rights that children, young people and their carers have in situations where harm or abuse is suspected or alleged. Children and their parents or carers have important rights even in cases of suspected abuse. Most children feel loyal towards those who care for them even when they have been responsible for the abuse, and have difficulty saying anything against them. In situation where harm or abuse is suspected or alleged, it is important to remember the following guidelines. – Children and young people should receive help so they can express themselves fully, understand what is happening and the decisions that have to be made. – A child or young person has a right not to be subjected to repeated medical examinations or questioning following any allegation of abuse, whether of a physical or sexual nature – Family members normally have the right to know what is being said about them and to contribute to important decisions about their lives and those of their children – Children should be kept fully informed of processes involving them, should be consulted sensitively and decisions about their future should take account of their views.

Obsession essay Essay

Some call it dedication, others call it psychotic. I prefer to think of obsession as a part of life. The definition of obsession which is found on The Free Dictionary is the domination of one’s thoughts or feelings by a persistent idea, image, desire, etc. Obsession can be determined by people around us. Passion is a positive obsession. Obsession is a negative passion. Obsession and addiction are so closely tied together. They both are almost exactly the same except for one factor; control. Being obsessed over something simply means that they are still in control of their habit; on the other hand, addiction is the state being enslaved to a habit or to something that is psychologically or physically habit-forming. So it is seen that although they are very closely linked they are not the same. Obsession is the gate way to addiction. Personally, I have been accused of being obsessed over lacrosse. All I could think about of every day is something about lacrosse. My mind was wrapped around lacrosse like a candy wrapper on a piece of candy. Every time I had free time, I went outside and played lacrosse. At the time I did not believe I was obsessed over the issue, I simply thought of it as dedication. My parents confronted my issue to me, and right then and there is when I realized that I truly had an obsession. Obsession becomes a beast all in itself. Obsession can cloud someone’s judgment and can potentially lead a person off the track of their own goal. When someone is obsessed over something, then the only important thing in their life is the obsession. If one does not fulfill this need, then different effects may happen. Either one will perceive to their obsession, or they will realize that they have an obsession and stop in what they are doing. Power is something else we do not understand about obsession. Obsession takes root so easily and can quickly spread to become something more. Therefore it is not something to play around with because when it is excited, it will grow and grow until it has reached the top. At that point, obsession can only bring out the worst in a person. Obsession is a feeling and not an emotion. An emotion is a natural instinctive state of mind deriving from one’s circumstances, mood, or relationships with others. A feeling is just expressing an emotion. Obsession can be shown through jealousy, love etc. Emotions are on the inside, while feelings are shown to other people on the outside. Obsession is not born by itself; it is born from the person’s mind. Obsession is born from that person’s wants and needs. Anybody can have an obsession, and actually it is only a matter of time when someone will have an obsession. Humans are lustful creatures and we all have needs and wants and therefore we all have obsession. Obsession does not necessarily mean it is a bad thing. A person can be obsessed with something good like school. One could be obsessed over school and everyone else would classify that person as a nerd. Also, one could be obsessed over God, and others would classify that person as a Jesus freak. In the end, people do not classify nerds or Jesus freaks as having an obsession or addiction. They are viewed as having a passion for school or Jesus. A passion is a very strong feeling about a person or thing. Passion and obsession is pretty much the exact same thing. They both have the same context meaning. The only difference is that passion is a good obsession, and obsession is a bad passion. All in all, the term obsession is used as being negative. Obsession is the domination of thoughts by ideas or images. The state of being obsessed over something can fog up someone’s true thoughts of how they feel. When I was in love with lacrosse, my parents told me that I was obsessed with lacrosse and that I needed to realize what was happening. However, now that I look back on it, I believe that I had a passion for the sport. Passion is a positive obsession. Obsession is a negative passion.

Chiles Geography and Culture

Chiles Geography and Culture Introduction Chile is a developing country that is located in South America. Whites and white-Amerindians constitute 95% of the country’s population of 16 million people (Roraff Camacho, 2011, p. 13). Chile’s unique culture is a complex blend of European traditions and local heritage. In early 1990s, the country managed to establish a democratic political system, which enhanced its economic growth.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Chile’s Geography and Culture specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Consequently, Chile has become an attractive investment destination for foreign companies. However, foreign firms need to understand Chile’s culture in order to succeed. It is against this backdrop that this paper analyzes Chile’s culture. Concisely, it will examine the cultural fit between Excel Learning Centers and Chile. Excel is a North American company whose headquarters is locate d in Lansing, Michigan. The company intends to join Chile in order to expand its market share. Stereotypes about Chileans North Americans associate Chileans with the following stereotypes. First, they believe that Chileans always arrive late for meetings, stay late, and like socializing. Chileans enjoy socializing during formal and informal meetings since they highly value personal relationships (Roraff Camacho, 2011, p. 32). In Chilean culture, visitors are expected to arrive at least fifteen to twenty minutes late for social meetings such as dinner. On the contrary, most Chileans are always punctual for business meetings. However, discussions in such meetings may take longer than expected. Second, North Americans believe that Chileans have a strange accent or speak in a funny way. This stereotype is true because Chileans normally speak very fast and hardly pronounce terminal consonants in their speeches. Moreover, the variant of Spanish that is spoken in Chile is quite different from the one spoken in other countries. In particular, Chilean Spanish is characterized with a distinctive melody. Third, North Americans associate Chileans with pride or arrogance. This view is partly true because most Chileans are easily offended. Besides, most of them tend to be arrogant or very proud, especially, when dealing with people who are likely to undermine their achievements. Nonetheless, Chileans are friendly and enjoy working with people from diverse backgrounds (Langhans, 2010). Finally, Americans believe that Chileans like wine and avocados. This view is true because a typical cuisine in Chile, especially dinner, will always include wine and avocado. Traditional Customs and Values Chile is one of the countries in the Americas where modernization is taking place rapidly. This has led to the fusion of Chile’s traditional customs with western cultural practices. Nonetheless, Chileans still adhere to their traditional values. Chile’s culture is based on co llectivism, rather than individualism, which is common in North America. Consequently, the family is a very important social unit in Chile. Chileans maintain close contacts with their extended family members.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Furthermore, they hardly separate business from family matters, especially, in small companies that are often run entirely by members of a single family (Ahlstrom Bruton, 2009, p. 112). Thus, Chileans consider nepotism as a positive concept that helps in recruiting the right employees. This perspective is likely to be a culture shock to members of Excel since North Americans hardly maintain close relationships with their extended families and consider nepotism as a form of discrimination. Due to modernization, Chile’s class structure follows that of North America, which is based on achievement and possession of material wealth (Roraff Camacho, 2011, p. 49). In Chile, education and wealth are the main determinants of one’s ability to belong to a particular social class. Consequently, Excel’s products such as continuing professional education, college tutoring, and training programs for businesses will be valuable to Chileans. This is because the products will help them to acquire better education and skills, which leads to high income and upward social mobility. Behavioral Dos and Don’ts The acceptable behaviors in Chile’s business culture include the following. To begin with, foreign businessmen are expected to have business cards that are printed in both Spanish and English (Langhans, 2010). This will facilitate effective communication because most Chileans have a better working knowledge in Spanish than English. Thus, business executives from Excel should be aware of the fact that any effort they make to communicate in Spanish will be highly appreciated by Ch ileans. Chileans expect their business partners to arrive on time for meetings. Nonetheless, Excel’s business executives should not be surprised if their Chilean counterparts or clients arrive late for meetings. Even though Chileans value punctuality, they hardly keep time, especially, when attending social meetings (Langhans, 2010). This contradicts North American’s tradition in which businessmen value their time and usually get offended if kept waiting. It is advisable to utilize every chance to socialize with Chileans outside the workplace. This is because Chileans highly value personal relationships with workmates and clients. The relationships enhance harmony at the workplace and facilitate repeat business. In this regard, it is important to focus on building trust when socializing with Chilean clients. Additionally, it is important to avoid controversial topics during informal conversations because Chileans are easily offended (Roraff Camacho, 2011, p. 89). On t he contrary, you should not be offended if a Chilean workmate invades your personal life. This is because Chileans mix family and business matters. Thus, they do not hesitate to discuss personal issues with workmates.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Chile’s Geography and Culture specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Conducting Business Chilean businesses use a hierarchical organizational structure. This is similar to Excel’s organizational structure in which the president and the board of directors lead the company, whereas other employees hold lower positions. The top-down method is the preferred approach to decision-making in Chilean organizations (Ahlstrom Bruton, 2009, p. 251). Additionally, employees address each other with the proper title and their surname as a sign of respect. Negotiations can take a very long time due to Chileans’ relaxed attitude towards time. Negotiations between North Americans and Chileans can be difficult due to the following cultural differences. First, Americans are likely to take risks, whereas Chileans are risk averse. Thus, Chileans will hardly accept any deal that is associated with a sure loss. Second, Americans focus on the interest of the Individual, while Chileans value the interest of the group. Third, Americans consider conflict to be â€Å"a natural by-product of life, whereas Chileans consider it to be dangerous† (Ahlstrom Bruton, 2009, p. 362). Moreover, Chileans do not contradict or challenge their superiors during negotiations. Chileans try as much as possible to avoid conflicts. However, when conflicts occur, mediators are often invited to help the conflicting parties to find a solution. The mediator normally remains neutral and helps each party to understand the offers made by their colleagues (Rodriguez Gomez, 2009, pp. 276-294). Generally, conflict resolution in Chile follows the legal process of the country and the protocol established by individual firms. For example, Excel’s employs will use the company’s reporting structure to channel their complaints to the management. Language and Communication Style Spanish is the official language in Chile and nearly every Chilean speaks it (Langhans, 2010). Chileans use Spanish to conduct business since it is the dominant language in their country. Thus, Excel will have to print its training materials in Spanish in order to communicate effectively with the Chileans. Moreover, they will have to hire people who can speak Spanish in order to communicate effectively with their clients. Learning Spanish in Chile is better than depending on an interpreter to communicate. This is because Chilean Spanish is different from the one spoken in other countries.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Thus, depending on an interpreter who is not conversant with the Chilean Spanish can cause misunderstandings. Additionally, most Chileans have inadequate English skills, thereby limiting their ability to translate Spanish to English correctly. The disadvantage of learning Spanish is that it requires a lot of time. Thus, foreigners who are in Chile for a short period may not find adequate time to learn the language. Chileans prefer written to verbal style of communication because they consider contractual agreements to be binding. In this regard, Chileans require their business partners to make written commitments after verbal agreements. Additionally, it is advisable to provide all relevant information during negotiations because Chileans make decisions after meetings, rather than during discussions (Roraff Camacho, 2011, p. 114). This improves the decision-making process by eliminating the need to make further clarifications after meetings. View of Women, Men, and Ethnic Groups Ch ile’s law considers men, women, and members of all ethnic groups to be equal. This is similar to the USA where both sexes and people from diverse ethnic backgrounds are considered equal by the law. In Chile, women have equal or better educational achievements than men. Moreover, academic achievement and social status depend on one’s effort, rather than gender or ethnicity. Chilean women are very influential and participate in every aspect of life in their society. This includes joining the labor force at all levels and holding key positions in public and private firms (Rodriguez Gomez, 2009, pp. 276-294). Nonetheless, more men than women are employed in most Chilean organizations. Religion Christianity is the dominant and the most influential religion in Chile. Approximately 89% of Christians are Roman Catholics, whereas the remaining 11% are Protestants (Carillet, 2009, p. 96). Religious leaders play an important role in the country by contributing to social and poli tical policies. Even though religion has little influence on Chilean businesses, it will have some effects on Excel. This is because the education system in the country uses a curriculum that includes religious teachings. In public schools, religious instructions focus on the teachings of the Roman Catholic Church. Thus, Excel will have to include religious teachings in its K-12 syllabus. Another implication for Excel is that Chile has religious national holidays. Thus, Excel will have to close during the holidays in order to conform to the country’s traditions. Conclusion The aim of this paper was to analyze the cultural fit between Excel Learning Centers and Chile. The findings reveal that Chileans conduct business in Spanish, rather than English. Negotiating with Chileans can also be difficult because they are collectivists and risk averse. On the contrary, North Americans are individualists and are likely to take risks. Unlike North Americans, Chileans always try to avoid conflicts because they highly value group harmony. The similarity between Excel and Chilean firms is that they both follow a hierarchical organizational structure. Additionally, women, men, and different ethnic groups are treated equally by being given equal employment opportunities. References Ahlstrom, D., Bruton, G. (2009). International management: Strategy and culture in the emerging world. London, England: Palgrave. Carillet, J.-B. (2009). Chile and Easter Island. New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons. Langhans, C. (2010). Doing business in Chile: Chilean social and business culture. Web. Rodriguez, J., Gomez, C. (2009). HRM in Chile: The impact of organizational culture. Employee Relations, 31(3), 276-294. Roraff, S., Camacho, L. (2011). Cultural shock in Chile: A survival guide to customs and etiquette. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.

How the English Days of the Week Got Their Names

How the English Days of the Week Got Their Names English speakers often take for granted the impact other languages have had on our own. The names of the days of the week, for example, owe much to the blend of cultures that influenced England over the yearsSaxon Germany, Norman France, Roman Christianity, and Scandinavian. Wednesday: Wodens Day Woden’s connection to Wednesday draws its name from the one-eyed god  known as Odin. While we associate him with the Norse and Scandinavia, the name Woden itself appeared in Saxon England, and elsewhere as Voden, Wotan (his old German moniker), and other variations, all across the continent. His image hanging from a tree with a single eye is reflected in many modern day religions.   Thursday Is Thors Day The mighty Thunder God was respected as Thunor among our ancestor culture in England, and his own influence as both the principal deity of Iceland and the international movie-star in Marvel movies  sits well alongside his more mysterious father. Friday: Freyr or Frigg? Friday can get tricky, as one can draw fertility god Freyr from the name, but also Frigg, Odin’s wife and goddess of hearth and home. Our common connotation shows Friday as a day of reaping (our paychecks) or returning home (for the weekend) so both could feasibly be the origins. A mythological mind might point to Frigg, our ancient mother, calling us home and giving us a family dinner. Saturn-Day Saturday pays homage to Saturn, that old force that appears in Rome, Greece.  Many might associate the name with pagan rites like â€Å"Saturnalia† or solstice festivals, which were (and still are) incredibly popular in both Northern and Western Europe. Old father time rests on this day, which conventionally ends the week in both the US and the Middle East, as a day of rest. Sunday: Rebirth as the Sun Returns Sunday is just that, a day celebrating the sun and the rebirth of our week. Many Christian sects point to this as the day of ascension when the Son rose and went back to heaven, bringing with him the light of the world. Solar deities beyond the Son of God stretch back universally, found all over the world in every single culture there is, was, and will be. It’s fitting that it should have a day all its own. Monday: Moon Day Likewise, Monday pays homage to the moon, the principal body of night. Monday has a good deal in common with the German name Montag, which translates as day of the moon. While Quaker heritage in the US calls it the second day, it is also the first day of the work week in Western culture, assuming that the first day is ascension on Sunday. In Arab and Middle Eastern cultures, Monday is also the second day of the week, which ends on Sabbath Day Saturday and starts again the day after, likely due to the shared Abrahamic religion, Islam. Tuesday Honors the God of War   We end this trip on Tuesday. In old German, Tiw was the god of war, sharing similarities with Roman Mars, from which the Spanish name Martes is derived. The Latin word for Tuesday is  Martis dies, Marss Day.  But another origin points to the Scandinavian God Tyr, who was also a god of war and honorable combat.

Contract Law Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Contract Law - Assignment Example This case study presents the principle that sellers are not making a valid offer to customers, and that customers who bring goods to the counter are not making an acceptance, therefore a contract is not formed. This principle is further illustrated in the case of Fisher v. Bell 1 QB 394. This case notes that the shopkeeper is not making an offer, but the customer who presents the item to the cashier is making an offer to buy. When the cashier takes the customer's money, the cashier is, in effect, accepting the customer's offer to buy the good. Partridge v. Crittenden 1 WLR 1204 is another case illustrating this point, and this court held that offering birds for sale cannot be a valid offer, as the storekeeper might not actually own the birds, therefore he cannot be contractually bound to sell them. There also must be mutual assent to the contract, and this is known as the â€Å"mirror image rule.† This means that the acceptance must mirror the offer exactly. If the acceptance deviates from the terms of the offer, then the acceptance is deemed a counteroffer, in which case the original offeror is in the position to be the acceptee. Moreover, the agreement must be certain and enforceable, which means that the terms must be ascertainable by either consulting reasonable standards or have objective terms which can be enforced. For instance, in the case of Scammell and Nephew Ltd v Ouston 1 AC 251, the court held that an agreement to buy a new van â€Å"on hire purchase terms† was too vague to be enforceable. ... If the acceptance deviates from the terms of the offer, then the acceptance is deemed a counteroffer, in which case the original offeror is in the position to be the acceptee (Restatement 2d Contracts  §59a). Moreover, the agreement must be certain and enforceable, which means that the terms must be ascertainable by either consulting reasonable standards or have objective terms which can be enforced. For instance, in the case of Scammell and Nephew Ltd v Ouston [1941] 1 AC 251, the court held that an agreement to buy a new van â€Å"on hire purchase terms† was too vague to be enforceable. In this case, there was no way of measuring the hire purchase terms, as the contract did not indicate whether the terms were to be reasonable, nor did it list a price. The court must have a way to determine what the parties intended, and this goes to the element of certainty and enforceability. Contract law traditionally required privity of contract – this means that the contract is only between the contractees, and any third party beneficiary to the contract would not have the capability of enforcing the contract. The Contracts Act 1999 changed this, as it specifically allows a third party to sue if the contract benefits the third party, and there is not a stipulation that the third party does not have the ability to enforce the contract (Contracts Act 1999). Therefore, a third party can sue to enforce the contract, which is an evolution from the common law rule regarding contract privity. Effects of Part II of the Housing Grants, Reconstruction and Regeneration Act 1996 This part of the Housing Grants, Reconstruction and Regeneration Act 1996 (HGRRA)

Art Michelangelo Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Art Michelangelo - Essay Example Sculpture and painting are both beautiful forms of expression that have enchanted the viewers for centuries. However both are different in the ways they are created by the artists and perceived by the viewers. Personally I prefer that both have equal merits and one should not be held above the other. Painting involves colors, light, shades which provides more meaning and life to the artist’s idea. As opposed to painting, sculpting is done on something much more substantial than a canvas and therefore it has a greater presence and feels much more real to the viewers. Also the sculptures are three dimensional which give them power and make them appear more realistic. Even though the lack of dimension is considered a demerit in painting, the effect is quite easily achieved by ‘relievo’ which can be done through adequate modeling and shaping. Both are equally expressive and it only depends on person

Microsoft Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Microsoft - Essay Example The products are critical in improving communication and management of data in institutions. The company’s production processes follow strict guidelines as apparent in the application of conventional techniques. The techniques facilitate the quality aspect of the products. It is imperative to note that the company has risen from a small in-house business outsourcing institution to a renowned supplier of electronic items. This was achievable through its noble and development oriented strategies. The strategies have been instrumental in its growth. For example, they provide the relevant operating framework with performance ideals. The company enjoys a wide market share and plans to expand further to new market segments. Findings based on strengths and weaknesses Microsoft Corporation displays strengths that has steered its growth. The company has diversified revenue base, ability to customize products to the locals, strong product brands that includes Ms Dos Microsoft windows, P Cs, basic interpreters and operating systems (Wilke 2003, p. 3). Further, it has effective distribution channels, good infrastructural set up, expansive market share and qualified personnel. Its weaknesses and threats include possibility of new entrance, limited network and diminishing raw materials. The opportunities and strengths present the company with lucrative prospect that seeks to leverage its international competitiveness. The analysis enables an institution to understand its current position and design viable strategies for improvement and sustainability. Concepts and theories The corporation is a multinational institution with a wide network. It is credited for adopting conventional human resource practices. The administration of company values its employees and treats them with decorum. This has contributed to the institution’s exemplary growth through development of viable teamwork groups. The groups enhance cohesiveness and participation in decision-making (Wilk e, 2003, p. 4). This has facilitated the development of innovative and creative ideas that focus on growth. The company adopts the international human resource management (IHRM) that ensures effective allocation of resources, utilization of human capital, hiring of diverse group of individuals, avoidance of regional disparities and cultural risks. The company through ethical principles and guidelines manages a huge number of staff who contributes to its success. The ethical principles are relevant because they promote cohesiveness and execution of activities based on mutual understanding (William. 2005, P, 3). The company offer favourable remuneration and terms of work that facilitates employee retention and motivation. This advances their performance capacity. This is vital in ensuring optimal production of the electronic items including software that meet the global demand. Analysis As noted, the company was established with the core mission to become the global consumer product a nd be the leading distributor of electronic items and software’s. Its fundamental values focus on quality enhancement, timely delivery of services and effective personnel administration. This propels the realization of the core values and institutional vision based on sound HR policies that are internationally relevant. Achieving exemplary performance and competitive advantage requires adoption of viable HR policies and formulation of acceptable objectives